1901 to World War II

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1901 to the Peace Treaty of 1919

The United States to 1910 -- morality, sports and music, blacks, reforms

The Mexican Revolution -- Zapata, Poncho Villa, U.S. invasion, the Carranza presidency

Overseas Imperialism, 1894 to 1908 -- Boxer Rebellion, empire in Africa, France in Vietnam, Russo-Japanese War

Toward World War One, 1901-08 -- Empire and Franz Joseph, German diplomacy

World War and Rebellion, to 1919 -- World War I, Russian Revolutions, failed uprisings

The Middle East

Turkey and Islam, 1876-1930 -- Ataturk, national independence and secularization

Syria, Lebanon and Iraq, to 1930 -- resistance to imprialism

Empire in Egypt and the Sudan, to 1929 -- British rule; the Muslim Brotherhood

Afghanistan, to the 1930s -- the monarchy, assassinations and attempted modernization

Central Asia under the Russians, to 1936 -- creation of Central Asian republics

Jews and Arabs in Palestine, to 1939 - Jews and Muslims in peace and conflict under British rule

Ibn Saud, Wahhabis, and Oil, to 1945 -- Ibn Saud creates and expands his kingdom, allied with the British

Elsewhere in the 1920s

Civil War, Lenin and the Rise of Stalin -- 1918 to 1930

China in Revolution, to 1927 -- the republic replaces Manchu rule and struggles for an identity

Japanese Politics and Society, to 1927 -- labor, business, politics, Western culture, depression, repression

Britain, Ireland and India -- recovery and conflict with tradition

France Proper and Vietnam -- Social conditions inside France, French rule in Vietnam and Ho Chi Minh

Africa and Imperialism -- French, Italian, Spanish and British

Mussolini and Fascism in Italy -- Mussolini from youth to Prime Minister

Weimar Republic and Adolf Hitler -- the Weimar Republic, Hitler, extremism and conservatism

The U.S. in Hawaii, the Philippines and Latin America -- conservative directions

The U.S. to the Crash of 1929 -- race, repression, Harding, morality, sports, Coolidge and Hoover

Depression and War

The Great Depression, to 1935 -- the U.S., Europe and Latin America

Hitler and Germany, 1927-35 -- Hitler becomes chancellor, reforms Germany's economy and rearms

Austria, Left and Right, to 1934 -- Social Democrats are crushed by Rightists

Passivity and Aggression in Europe to 1936 -- voices for peace, including Hitler's, and fear of the left in France

Spain and Civil War -- political and social divisions, to November 1936

Purges and Hysteria in the Soviet Union -- the USSR from the early thirties to 1938

Roosevelt and Approaching War in Europe -- isolationism, the economy, Jews and immigration

Crisis and War in Europe, 1937-40 -- Munich, Kristallnacht, the Hitler-Stalin pact, pacifism and war

Japan and Emperor Hirohito to 1936 -- extremist patriots, opportunism and moderates

China, Civil War and Japan's Intrusion, to 1936 -- Chiang Kai-shek, the Long March, and an alliance with Moscow

Japan Wars against China and the Soviet Union: 1936-38 -- Japan in Manchuria and war in China

Pearl Harbor and War in Southeast Asia -- March 1940 through December 1941

War in Europe, 1941-45 -- wishful thinking and barbarism

War against Japan, 1942-45 -- spirituality, fear and bombs

Science and Philosophy

Marxism, Mach and Einstein -- Eduard Bernstein, Lenin, quantum mechanics, determinism, time

Economics: the Austrian School and Keynes -- Böhm-Bawerk, Schumpeter, Mises, Bukharin, Keynes

Spengler, Durkheim and Weber -- spirit, decline, sociology, structural functionalism, anti-positivism, Tönnies

Fascism and Philosophy -- Pareto, Gentile, Rosenberg, Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche, Kita Ikki, Nakano Seigo

Dewey, Russell and Whitehead -- education, pragmatism, modesty, knowledge limits

More Religion

Religion in Russia and the Soviet Union, to 1945

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