16th to 19th Centuries

Europe, Africa and the Americas

Europeans and Africans in the 1500s - maritime trade to Asia and Africa

Spain into the Americas, to 1600 - guns and germs from South America to New Mexico

The Portuguese in America, to 1600 - Brazil, conquest and slavery

Martin Luther's Revolution, to 1530 - discontent, Luther's protest and spread of the movement.

Religious Wars in France, 1530 to 1610 - to the toleration championed by Henry IV

Europe in Conflict, 1523 to 1588 - England, the continent, Protestantism and power conflicts

The Mid-East and India

Iran, the Safavids and Ottomans, to 1629 - Shia and Sunni Muslims

The Last of the Safavids, to 1722 - Iran, from Shah Abbas I to dynastic and military decline

India, Mughals, Sikhs and Europeans, to 1700 - India fragmented and violent

Decline of Islamic and Ottoman Power, to 1700 - economic stagnation and military decline

The Far East to 1700

China from Ming to Qing - integration, rebellion, conquest (edited Feb/2008)

Japan, 1333 to 1700 - the economy and wars for power among landowners

Korea's Joseon Dynasty - monarchy from the 1390s, Japan's intrusion and independence

The Indonesian Archipelago, to 1700 - Hindus, Muslims and the Dutch

The Americas, Europe and Africa to 1700

Latin America to 1700 - including New Mexico, Texas and the Portuguese in Brazil

The Thirty Years' War - 1618-48, origins, witches, pogroms, Peace of Westphalia

European Literature and Science, to Galileo - 1580 to 1642, from Shakespeare to the astronomers

The Dutch against Tradition, to 1700 - prosperity and a modern liberal order

Stagnation and Decline in Spain - the landed and their value dominate

England, from King James to Isaac Newton - civil war and the road to tolerance and liberalism

Russia before Peter the Great - troubles, women and economic inferiority

The French, Dutch and English in America - north from Florida, 1550 to 1700

African Empires, Slavery and Europeans, 1550 to 1700 - empires of blacks and white intrusions

War and Revolution in Europe and America

Britain, France and the Enlightenment - politics, religion and science in the 1700s

Sweden, Russia and the Great Northern War, to 1740 - failure and a new age of liberty in Sweden

War and 18th Century Europe - what monarch rules where

The American Revolution - 1707 to 1791, from social change to ratification of the Constitution

First Barbary War - U.S. policies from 1770s to 1805, and Marines to the shores of Tripoli

The French Revolution - France in the 1700s (edited Jan/2008)

Napoleonic Era in Europe and the Americas, to 1815

Britain and Ireland, 1779 to 1803 - dissent and rebellion

Haiti, 1789 to 1806 - great hopes

War of 1812 - Britain and the United States

Napolean's Wars, Mistakes and Fall - too close to the sun

Conservative Order and Social Upheaval in Europe

New Conservative Order to 1820 -an alliance of victors against change

The Greek War of Independence - massacres, divisions and big power intervention

Revolt and Reaction to the 1830s - Spain, Russia, Germany, Belgium, Poland and France.

Revolutions of 1848 - 1840 to 1848, discontent

Revolutions Lost, 1848 - coalitions divide

Reaction and Reform to 1850 - conservatives win

The World and Imperialism to the 1860s

World Economies and Rise of the West - world economies and rise of the West

Africa and Slavery, 1801 to 1860 - empire, trade, Boers, and guns to Africans

Imperialism to the Crimean War - British, Dutch, the Middle East, China, Russia

India's Sepoy Mutiny - 1857-58, an attempt at independence

The Taiping Rebellion and Second Opium War - China, 1842 to 1870, still under Manchu rule

Pacific Islands, Australia and New Zealand, to 1870 - the West in Oceania

The Americas to the 1860s

Independence in Latin America - 1808-1839 (edited Jan/2008)

Canada and the United States, 1814 to 1846 - the U.S. to Jackson; rebellion and reform in Canada

The Mexican War and U.S. Expansion to the Pacific - 1836-48

Antebellum and Civil War in the United States - 1845-65

Ideas in the 1800s

Adam Smith, Socialists and Liberals - 1750 to 1883, economics, society and ideas

Health, Geology, Biology, Sociology, to 1900 - science, Darwin, intelligent design and atheism

Religion, Philosophy and History, 1801-1900 - orthodoxy versus new ideas

Power, Nationalism and Imperialism to 1900

The United States, 1865 to 1900 - reconstruction, westward expansion and economic development

Russia and Empire, 1856 to 1903 - tsars, student revolutionaries and bomb throwers

Japan from Tokugawa to Meiji - power struggles, Confucianism, Shinto and Buddhism

Nationalism and Empire in Europe, 1850 to 1900 - unifications, the Balkans, wars, the Paris Commune

Britain Overseas and in Ireland, 1865 to 1885 - Jamaica, the Middle East, Africa, Ireland

Class and Economic Progress in Europe, 1850 to 1900 - wages, status, economics and prospect for revolution

European Imperialism to 1900 - scramble for colonies, Kipling, and attempts to explain imperialism

The United States and Empire, to 1899 - bird droppings, trade, Hawaii, and war with Spain